Shipping

=Preparation of the first voyage=

media type="custom" key="9769802" align="center"

toc

The first expedition was financed using Castilian money which were ducats. According to the Memorial of Christopher Columbus, 1/4 expedition was paid by Colunbus. The other half was paid by the Catholic Monarches, which was given by Luis de Santangel .According to the famous Columbus's book composed by 9 letters written by Columbus" Consuelo Varela", the Catholic Monarches paid __Columbus__ a __salary of 1.000 maravedies per month__, which is around 415 euros.But some historian affirm that Columbus wasn't paid 1/2 of the expedition by the Monarches, they say he was paid even more aroud 500.000 ducats. Other historians, such as Charles Duff say that Columbus didn't invest any money in the expedition and tha 1/4 of the expadition was paid by the head of Jewish society in Castile, he was called Abravancel.



So finally the total price ascendes to **$630.000 for the first voyage**. This price is the average of money invested in the expedition without including the wages paid to the sailors and the money given by Martin Alonso Pinzon after selling his personel furniture.

media type="custom" key="9670048" = = = = =First voyage shipping= Christopher Columbus used one nao and two caravels for the first expedition. The three __ships were second hand__. The two caravels were built by Palos de Monguer residents:

media type="youtube" key="BBmd-7SIl3s?version=3" height="312" width="512" align="center"


 * The Santa Maria was __the nao of the expedition__, and the biggest ship (also the slowest) of the first voyage of Christopher Columbus. It was used as leading shop in the expedition **commanded by Columbus**. It was __property of Juan de la Cosa__. It was built in Pontevedra, Galicia and due to this it was initially called " La Gallega".However there are other toughts that it was constructed in Cantabria or in the Port of Santa Maria. Its dimensions were 36m long and it had 3 masts. It was the slowest but the twoo caravels were allowed to go behind it because Columbus commanded it. __Fourty men sailed the Santa Maria__. The sailors' wages of the Santa Maria were: 5 wages of 2.000 maravedies/month and 35 wages of 1.000 maravedies/month.




 * The Niña was one of the two caravels used in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus. It was __constructed by residents of Palos de Monger__ between the years 1487 and 1490. It was called " Santa Clara ", in honour to the monastery of La Rábida in Palos de Monguer. But when its owner became the Pinzon brothers it changed its name.The Niña was **commanded by Yañez Pinzon**.The Niña was made of pine and draw everygreen oak and initially had lateen sails. Later its sails were changed into square sails to better manoeuvre. It has a __crew of 25 men__. Sailors' salaries were: 6 wages of 2.000 maravedies/month and 19 wages of 1.000 maravedies/month.




 * The Pinta was one of the two caravels used in the first expedition of Columbus. It was __built by residents of Palos de Monguer__ some years before the expedition began. Its name "Pinta" means " The painted one". It was __property of Gomez Rascón and Cristobal Quintero__. It was **commanded by Martín Alonso Pinzón** because of its navigational qualities. Martin Alonso Pinzón reached the 15miles before reaching America.It had simple, nordic sails. It has a __crew of 25 men__. Sailors' salaries were: 6 wages of 2.000 maravedies/month and 19 wages of 1.000 maravedies/month.

media type="youtube" key="uoihac-NNdI" height="390" width="480" align="center"

media type="custom" key="9595784" align="center"

= Reclution of the crew = Before the first voyage, after finishing the reconquest, the Catholic monarches send invitations all through the authorities of their Crowns to take part in the expedition commanded by Christipher Columbus in search of the Moluccas. They also talked about the amound of money needed to to pay the expedition to the collectors of the Crowns, who were allowed to invest it. By a letter, the Catholic monarches ordered to __put off the criminal causes__ of the **prisioners** who would take part in Columbus expedition until two months after the arriva from the expeditionl.Only four criminals sentenced to death were the first ones who enlisted themselves to participate in the expedition. And because of customs and laws of the Crown of Castile. So the Catholic monarches decided to give their freedom inexchange for taking part in the expedition.



Christopher Columbus received the possition of almirant if the fleet, and because of this possition he had to be obeied by all the crew. As capitain he also had the privilage of carring the letter to Genghis Khan or any other king of India. With these established rules Columbus left Granada the 12 of May, and some journeys later they reached Palos(Huelva). From there they sailed West to get to Cipango or the Mongolian territories ruled bu the Great Khan

media type="custom" key="9670036" = = =Crew members=

A doctor, a surgeon, a notary public and a interpreter who knew a Arab and a Hebrew also went into the expedition. The majority of the crew were from the Andalusian coasts, also were three Italian traders, same marines from the Basque Country and Galicia, one Portuguese takes part of the expedition.
 * Ninety men** came with Columbus into the first voyage. Five of the were prisoners and other four of them were foreigners. The Pinta was tripulated by 25 boatmen, 25 sailors sailed the Niña and 40 men tripulated the Santa Maria.



Juan de Cosa

 * Juan de la Cosa** went in the first voyage of Christopher Columbus and also in the second one. La Cosa was a Castilian cartographer and navigator. Some historians bealive that he was born in Sarntoña, Cantabria around the year 1450 and 1460. He is known because he drew the most ancient mapamundi in which the Americas are shown.He had just drawn it after arriving from Alonso de Orjeda expedition in the year 1499 to the South American coast, where he went as main pilot. Americo Vespuccio also went in this voyage to explore South America coast. Some time later he sailed west the India, this time witn Rodrigo de Bastidas as capitan of the expedition.



Few years later he went as capitan of his own crew, named as special manager of the Crown, with the mission of spying in Lisbon. In 1509 he went in his last expedition another time with Alonso de Orjeda the take power over the current coast of Colombi so he can also be considered as conquistador. He died in Turbaco, Colombia befor getting the position of " Main Alguancil of Urabá . He was the __owner of La Santa Maria__.

media type="youtube" key="Y4U6tvtg9tA?version=3" height="351" width="576" align="center"

Rodrigo de Triana
**Triana** (born 1469 in Sevilla, Spain) was a Marrano ( Jewish people living in the Iberian Peninsula). However some historians state he was from Lepe but he passed most of his life in Triana. His father was a hidalgo called Juan Rodríguez Bermejo, who was burnt on a bonfire because he was trading with Jewish when the Crown of Castile was investing money in expeditions to the New World.



Rodrigo de Triana is known because he went as __lookout in the watchout of the Pinta__. He was the __first one in spotting America__ at approximately two o'clock in the morning, he is reported to have shouted //"¡Tierra! ¡Tierra!// (land! land!). In Christopher Columbus's diary, is written that Columbus saw light at about 10:00 pm, but as it wasn't clear enough he didn't affirm it to the rest of sailors. Columbus wrote these words in his log the morning of the 12 of October 1492:

"... Y porque la carabela Pinta era más velera e iba delante del Almirante, halló tierra y hizo las señas que el Almirante había mandado. Esta tierra vido primero un marinero que se decía Rodrigo de Triana...". media type="youtube" key="nGbfLP7TD8o?version=3" height="312" width="512" = Help from the Franciscans = media type="custom" key="9794394"

//**Juan Pérez** was one of the two Castilian franciscans of the XV-XVI century, who bealonged to La Rábida monastery // //, who helped Colombus and supported his ideas to the Crown of Portugal( 1484-859) and to the Crow of Castile and of Aragón(1491).//

Antonio de Marchena //was the other Castilian franciscan of the XV-XVI century who bealonged to the convent of La Rábida, and was a great astronomer of those days .He helped a lot Christopher Columbus. In the year 1484, Christopher Columbus asked him for help and also to shelter him ans his son Diego in the convent. Columbus tried to convence Antonio de Marcheda to bealive and support him in his bealives that by travelling West the were able to get to the easter coast of Asia. And as he was fray he able to preasent Columbus's project to the Crowns of Castile and Aragon and as this get their support.//



= = = Pinzon brothers = Thanks to the Franciscans help Columbus met the **Pinzón brothers**. They were three brothers: Martín Alonso, __Francisco Martín__ and Vicente Yañez  , the three of them were great prestige sailors, explorers and fisherman from Palos de la Frontera, thanks to the voyages and voyages they did along all the coast. They traded the most with the North Seas and Italy. Their strategic location offered by the historic Atlantic port of Palos allowed them to control easier the war against the Potuguese in which they practiced. Martín Alonsa Pinzón and Vicente Yáñez were capitans of the caravels La Pinta( Martin Alonso) and La Niña ( Vicente Yáñez) but the third brother lesser-known Francisco Martín, was aboard the Pinta as its master.

Thanks to Martín Alonso Pinzon the seamen from **Tinto - Odiel** were motivated to participate in Columbus's expedition. Martín Alonso Pinzón also supported the project economically, supplying __money from his personal furniture.__ Francisco, master of the PInta, also participated in the third and fourth voyages of the discovery. But as his name was very common, not many fact about his life are known.

= = =Palos de Monger=

Palos de Monger are the current territories of Palos de la Frontera. The residents of Palos de Monger had to provide the **weapons** at their expense in ten days befor the first expedition of Columbus. And also they needed to contributed building **two caravels** of the three ships Columbus needed for his first voyage to the New World. They were allowed to serve the Royal Council during two months because they had disobeyed them years befor.

media type="custom" key="9595706" align="center"