Oceans

=6.4 Oceans=

toc During the voyage they went through diferent oceans ( Atlantic Ocean. Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean):

//**Nowadays:**// Today ships carry bulk goods, such as gold, grain and iron, between the ocean's many international ports.The Atlantic is rich in natural resources. The shallow areas along the coasts have deposits of oil and gas, and in recent years offshore oil and gas reserves have been exploited in the Gulf of Mexico, the Niger Delta and the North sea. Sand, gravel and shell deposits are mined by the USA and the United Kingdom for use in the construction industry.The ocean is also a vital source of food. Most of the Atlantic's coastal countries fish in its waters, but in the North Atlantic, stocks of cod, herring and haddock have been reduced by overfishing. The ocean's enviroment is also threatened by pollution. Oil is discharged into the water by ships nad drilling rips. Industrial waste, fertilizers and sewage enter the Atlantic at the coasts, paricularly in the Mediterranean, Baltic and North Sea regions, and off the USA, southern Brazil and eastern Argentina. A number of countries are trying to reach an agreement.
 * //1º////__Atlantic Ocean__//** (Atlantic Ocean): Covering about one-fifth of the planet's surface,the Atlantic is the world's second largest ocean. To the west are the Americas, and Europe and Africa lie to the east.The Earth's largest mountain chain, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, dominates the ocean's underwater landscape.In places, the ridge rises above the water as volcanic islands, such as Iceland and the Azores ( Portuguese archipelago situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean and which consists of nine volcanic islands). The deepest part of the Atlantic, the Puerto Rico Trench , plunges to - 8,605 m.Since the Portuguese and Spanish explorers began to cross the ocean from Europe to America in the 15th century, the Atlantic has been one of the world's major transport routes.

//**2º** __**Pacific Ocean:**__// (Pacific Ocean) Stretching about one third of the Earth's surface, the Pacific is the planet's largest ocean. It extends east from Japan to the Americas, and south from the Artic Ocean to Antarctica. The ocean's floor is generally deeper in the west than in the east, and its deepest point, the Mariana Trench, plunges to - 11,034 m.The many thousand of Islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean were created by volcanic eruptions. Some of these island became fringed with coral, and the islands eventually dropped back into the sea, leaving circles of coral, or atolls. A string of active volcanoes, known as " The Ring of Fire", surrounds the ocean. The Pacific region is plaged by tropical storms, called typhoons. The area is also prone to tidal waves, which are caused by volcanic eruptions or underwater earthquakes. //**Nowadays:**// The peoples of the Pacific mainly grow food for thier own cosumption, although a few island grow crops, such as coconuts and oil palms, for export. Many of the small islands rely heavily on fishing for much-need foreign comerce income. These fish industries tend to be small and are forced to compete with the largest fishing fleets of Japan and the Russian Federation. With palm-fringed beaches, spectacular coral reefs and a warm, sunny climate, the islands of the the Pacific Ocean have become popular tourist destinations.Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean  Philippines, in the Pacfic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean was called the __//Ladies' Sea//__ at first by Magellan's expedition because it's waters were so calm that even the hands of a woman could manage the boat in it's waters.

of southeast Asia in the east, the Indian Ocean measures almost 10,000 km across at its widest point. Under the water are 3 ridges that form an upside-down Y shape. The ridges mark where the conyinental plates meet. Here, volcanic activity is common.The climate of the Indian Ocean varies according to latitude. The regions in the north, near India, have a warm climate, in the south freezing temperatures have created pack ice and icebergs. Monsoon winds bring heavy rainfall to many coastal countries. They also have an effect on the ocean's currents, which reverse direction completely between March and August.For thousand of years, the Indian Ocean has provide important trade routes betwen the eastern and southern parts of the world. Among the first traders to sail its waters were the ancient Egyptians, who travelled along the east African coast more than 4,000 years ago. In the 15th century, European explorers made pioneering journeys across the Indian Ocean to Asia. They were soon followed by merchants who brought back silks, spices and tea from India and China.
 * 3º //__Indian Ocean : ( Indian Ocean__//** ) From the coast of Africa in the west to Australia and the Islands
 * //Nowadays://** Today, Huge tanks carry oil from the Persian gulf to many of the ocean's international ports. A large number of these boats travel along the Red Sea and through the Suez Canal to reach Europe.