The+Trip

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__6.1 How and where did they start?__
__﻿__ Magellan presented their project to the Spanish King, Charles I. Magellan's project was particularly interesting, since it would open the "spice route" without damaging relations with the neighbouring Portuguese. The idea was in tune with the times. On March 22, 1518 the king named Magellan and Rui Faleiro captains so that they could travel in search of the Spice Islands in July. The king granted them

__6.2 Why and where did they stop?__
This map shosw you the route they followed: Circumnavigation

=__6.5 How did they get back?__= As some of their calculations were wrong and they had problems with the boats, scurvy,weather... the rest of the voyage was very difficult for the expedition.

After crossing the Strait of Magellan, they continued sailing west along the Pacific Ocean. They reached the Philippines, where Magellan died and Elcano took command of the expedition.

They reached the Moluccas, the 8 of November. There they took a cargo of 700 kg (700 lbs) of clove. Then they sailed to the African Coast from the Moluccas the 21 of December, 1521.

Due to the hard and extreme conditions, the boat Concepción was burnt down and its crew and cargo were divided into the 2 boats left, Trinidad and Victoria.

Espinosa was leading the Trinidad and he was incharge of it, while Elcano was incharge of the boat Victoria. They were afraid of the Portuguese and so the expedition agreed that the boat Trinidad was going to sail to the North, to reach "Spanish" colonies, while the Boat Victoria as going to sail along the African Coast. The boat Trinidad sailed until reaching 42º of latitud North but due to the extreme weather conditions, they sailed back to the  Moluccas. In the Moluccas the situation had changed because the Portuguese were now in the Moluccas. The Portuguese had 7 boats and they made the 48 men of the crew their prisioners and the boat Trinidad sinked. Only 4 men survived, because the others died in the cells of the Portuguese boats.

==__6.4 What happened to the Victoria and its crew?__== __﻿____﻿__ The boat Victoria sailed with 47 men - some of the ones were natives from the Moluccas- to the African coast the 21 of December, 1521.To avoid problems with the Portuguese, Elcano sailed along the interior of the Indian Ocean.They tried to reach the cape of Good Hope but they coulnt because the crew had to stop and take food. Then they tried to reach the Atlantic Ocean but the climatic conditions didn't allow them. At last, the 18 of May, the Victoria sailed to the Atlantic Ocean but very close to the African Coast. Then they reached Cape Verde, which was in possesion of the Portuguese but they needed to stop there because they didn't have enough food for the crew.

The 9 of June, they entered into Santiago's inlet and they tried to trick the Portuguese. They needed money to buy food and they could seel some of their spices. They decided to tell the Portuguese that their boat had suffered a big strom when they came back from the Antilles and that they reached the Portuguese waters beacuse of that an landed in Cape Verde, The Potuguese believed Elcano's lie. During 3 voyages, a little boat from the Victoria went to the port and brought them potable water ( drinking water )but the money of the expedition had finished in the 4º voyage and the natives and the spices in the boat could be discovered. Their situation was extreme beacuse they didn't have enough food yet. Elcano decided to send some men to the port with some spices to sell them. But instead of the little boat which came with the food, soon came a boat with the Portuguese ready to fight and with weapons beacuse they had realised Elcano's trick when they saw the spices. Elcano decided to sail with only 18 men, they ran away from the Portuguese. Soon, 4 Portuguese boats chased the boat bue thanks to the dark of the night and the weight of the valued cargo that the Victoria trhew to the sea, the Victoria scaped.

Finally, after all the problems of the water which came into the boat, the crew saw the Cape San Vicente the 4 of September and 2 days after, they entered Sanlucar de Barrameda. The boat was such as in extreme conditions that it had to be towned to Seville.Then Eclano wrote a letter to Charles V to tell him about the voyage.

**__6.5 Problems and adventures during the explorations__**
Well they had lots of problems, like for example :

Many of their calcuations were wrong and they didn't have a cartographer some of the times, which caused them many problems to orintate properly.
 * __Calculations:__**

They ate cookies but the cookies had tiny black beetles which they taped before eating the biscuits.They did't have enough food and they had to stop in Cape Verde and other lands. However, a big part of the crew died because of this situation.
 * __Food:__**

The following link leads you to a page to leran more about the nourishment of sailors: http://theageofdiscovery.wikispaces.com/Trips+Nourishment

When they were in the voyage most of the people died beacuse they didn't eat fruit and that caused diseaes like scurvy. The scurvy is a illness that occurs when aperson doesn't eat friut or vegetables, which have //**vitamin C.**//The lack of this vtamin causes the loss of teeth, spots in the skin... Scurvy was very common in the voyages and trips at sea when the pirates, sailors or explorers couln't have fresh fruit or vegetables because they spend their lifes at the sea and maybe they couln't reach land all the times that they wanted to. Also the weather was so bad that they had to land for the winter and some men rebelled because of the terrible conditions.
 * __Scurvy:__**

The following link leads you to a page to leran more about scurvy and why was it caused: http://theageofdiscovery.wikispaces.com/Trips+Nourishment

Ferdinad Magellan died in the Philippines because he was killed by the native Indians of the Philippines (in the year 1521), in Battle of Mactan. When they arrived to the Philippines, they wanted to make these isles territories of the Crown of Castile, in the Iberian Peninsula and thereby to change the religion of the Philippines' people. The people of Magellan's expediton wanted to conquer the isles but the Philippines' people didn't want to and so they fought against the conquistadors and some men died, including Ferdinand Magellan. The Philippines' people didn't want themselves to convert into Chirstians, either. At this point, @Juan Sebastian Elcano got encharge of the expedition and the men and ships which left and continued with the circumnavigation of the world. Then, the crew and the rest of the men, landed in Moluccas, or Spices Land and then went back to the Crown of Castile.
 * __Battle of Mactan:__**



Here, they got the spices.

Only 3 boats of the expedition reached the Atlantic Ocean. The boat //Santiago// got lost in the American Coast and the boat //San Antonio// deserted when the expedition crossed the Strait of Magellan.
 * __Boats:__**

They could continue the expedition but the boat Trinidad was caught by the Portuguese and drowned. The boat Concepcion was burnt down by the explorers themselves. Eventually, only the boat Victoria captained by Elcano, survived to the whole voyage.

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 * The following link leads you to a page to learn more about Magellan's expedition:

**__6.6 Oceans__**
During the voyage they went through diferent oceans ( Atlantic Ocean. Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean): is the world's second largest ocean. To the west are the Americas, and Europe and Africa lie to the east.The Earth's largest mountain chain, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, dominates the ocean's underwater landscape.In places, the ridge rises above the water as volcanic islands, such as Iceland and the Azores ( Portuguese archipelago situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean and which consists of nine volcanic islands). The deepest part of the Atlantic, the Puerto Rico Trench, plunges to - 8,605 m.Since the Portuguese and Spanish explorers began to cross the ocean from Europe to America in the 15th century, the Atlantic has been one of the world's major transport routes.
 * //1º////__Atlantic Ocean__//** (Atlantic Ocean): Covering about one-fifth of the planet's surface,the Atlantic

//**Nowadays:**// Today ships carry bulk goods, such as gold, grain and iron, between the ocean's many international ports.The Atlantic is rich in natural resources. The shallow areas along the coasts have deposits of oil and gas, and in recent years offshore oil and gas reserves have been exploited in the Gulf of Mexico, the Niger Delta and the North sea. Sand, gravel and shell deposits are mined by the USA and the United Kingdom for use in the construction industry.The ocean is also a vital source of food. Most of the Atlantic's coastal countries fish in its waters, but in the North Atlantic, stocks of cod, herring and haddock have been reduced by overfishing. The ocean's enviroment is also threatened by pollution. Oil is discharged into the water by ships nad drilling rips. Industrial waste, fertilizers and sewage enter the Atlantic at the coasts, paricularly in the Mediterranean, Baltic and North Sea regions, and off the USA, southern Brazil and eastern Argentina. A number of countries are trying to reach an agreement.

//**2º** __**Pacific Ocean:**__// (Pacific Ocean) Stretching about one third of the Earth's surface, the Pacific is the planet's largest ocean. It extends east from Japan to the Americas, and south from the Artic Ocean to Antarctica. The ocean's floor is generally deeper in the west than in the east, and its deepest point, the Mariana Trench, plunges to - 11,034 m.The many thousand of Islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean were created by volcanic eruptions. Some of these island became fringed with coral, and the islands eventually dropped back into the sea, leaving circles of coral, or atolls. A string of active volcanoes, known as " The Ring of Fire", surrounds the ocean. The Pacific region is plaged by tropical storms, called typhoons. The area is also prone to tidal waves, which are caused by volcanic eruptions or underwater earthquakes.

//**Nowadays:**// The peoples of the Pacific mainly grow food for thier own cosumption, although a few island grow crops, such as coconuts and oil palms, for export. Many of the small islands rely heavily on fishing for much-need foreign comerce income. These fish industries tend to be small and are forced to compete with the largest fishing fleets of Japan and the Russian Federation. With palm-fringed beaches, spectacular coral reefs and a warm, sunny climate, the islands of the the Pacific Ocean have become popular tourist destinations.


 * //__'Ladies' Sea':__//** The Pacific Ocean was called the __//Ladies' Sea//__ at first by Magellan's expedition because it's waters were so calm that even the hands of a woman could manage the boat in it's waters.


 * 3º //__Indian Ocean : ( Indian Ocean__//** ) From the coast of Africa in the west to Australia and the Islands of southeast Asia in the east, the Indian Ocean measures almost 10,000 km across at its widest point. Under the water are 3 ridges that form an upside-down Y shape. The ridges mark where the conyinental plates meet. Here, volcanic activity is common.The climate of the Indian Ocean varies according to latitude. The regions in the north, near India, have a warm climate, in the south freezing temperatures have created pack ice and icebergs. Monsoon winds bring heavy rainfall to many coastal countries. They also have an effect on the ocean's currents, which reverse direction completely between March and August.For thousand of years, the Indian Ocean has provide important trade routes betwen the eastern and southern parts of the world. Among the first traders to sail its waters were the ancient Egyptians, who travelled along the east African coast more than 4,000 years ago. In the 15th century, European explorers made pioneering journeys across the Indian Ocean to Asia. They were soon followed by merchants who brought back silks, spices and tea from India and China.


 * //Nowadays://** Today, Huge tanks carry oil from the Persian gulf to many of the ocean's international ports. A large number of these boats travel along the Red Sea and through the Suez Canal to reach Europe.



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